hobby as way of time pass

Hobbies are a wonderful ways to pass our time.It gives internal pleasure and piece in excess time...we need not to lost in dreams and wasting our time. Use your creative ideas and awake your the artist within you and see the quality of your extra time. 

The world is advancing and  with this we have seen a drastic change in  the hobbies of people. people are not using their original hobbies for spending there extra time .Most of us are now  using our gadgets for pastimes but they are actually waste of time  these gadgets are suppressing our creativity and thinking skills.They doesn't  provide real internal pleasure .it just pass your times.

everyone have their childhood hobbies but as they grow up they could't give time to their original hobbies.They are just lost in this busy world.Give your childhood hobbies a little time and see the difference in your mood 

• hobbies entertain us in the most beautiful ways
• It builds self -esteem and sense of competence
• it makes us more interesting and better among  friends circle
• it emotionally satisfy us and gives real peace of mind
• teaches life lessons ,self discipline,patience ,creativity etc..

open book examination

Open text based assessment / open book examination

Definition

OTBA may be defined as a process of evaluation based on examination in which text/picture/chart material etc. is supplied prior to examination and allowed to take reference from those materials while examination In India CBSE is going to conduct OTBA for ix and xii_th classes from 2014 onward.

Schools will be supplied with "textual material in a few months before the commencement of SA-ii. A textual material may be in the form of an article, a case study, a diagram, a concept/mind map, a picture or a cartoon, problem/situation based on the concepts taught to be students during second term”. Textual material will be related to chosen concepts taken from the syllabi.

"OTBA will have questions of higher order thinking skills some of which may be subjective, creative and open ended”. Students will be able to refer to that material during exam, “textual material supplied earlier will be printed again as part of the question paper and thus will be available while answering the questions".

For std. xi, the OTBA will be applicable only to economics, biology and geography. This will be part of the final exam in March. CBSE advised schools to mark the answer sheets based on four criterions.

·         First is the student's understanding and application of the concepts to the situational problems,

·         Second being ability to suggest and bring out the appropriate solutions to the problem,

·         Third is the ability to come up with innovative opinions and fourth the ability to deeply analyse, based on a wide range of perspectives.

 OTBA will comprise 15%-20% of the total marks and may also include value-based questions, which is already part of the current set up. Since std. ix comes under the continuous and comprehensive evaluation scheme, the March OTBA will be part of summative assessment-ii (SA-ii).

 How will this affect the Indian education system?

Against

The steps taken by CBSE may seem innovative but they are going so fast that Indian education system may not find hard to accept the changes

·         is teachers of Indian education system are able to properly judge the student's analysing technique, innovative opinion etc.? Judging these for common school  teachers might be a tough work

·         with already grading system and marks for practical and assessments it’s easy to score marks in fairly easy and sometimes unfair means

·         Weaker students will don't pay attention to studies.

·         for the proper assessments of students in OTBA it will requires question set to an above average level which can test the higher thinking skills of students and highly qualified teachers.

Favour

The world is advancing so our education system but with the university exam dominated by closed book, invigilated pen and paper tests, it is the need of hour to judge our students differently given the human capital needs of a knowledge economy, not just because of the absence of technology that is used routinely in everyday business and commerce, but because this type of examination instrument is incompatible with constructivist learning theory that favours deep learning. It is further argued that a commitment to authentic assessment will pave the way for a different type of final examination, where real-world problems are allowed to take Centre-stage, and multi-media can be harnessed to provide the learner with a more engaging experience.

With greater engagement, this, in turn, can yield better results in terms of the depth of student learning. An on-going research project with an open book, open web examination format at u21global has yielded Positive results in terms of student perceptions of this examination instrument compared to the Invigilated, closed book type exam. Importantly, OTBA is a transferable model that can just as easily be administered in an on campus setting as online, and while there will always be a small number of students who will cheat, the main priority should be to focus on the higher quality learning outcomes of the majority, rather than set up an entire system to stop a small minority. Certainly, if there is roughly equal Scope for cheating (as the results of two student surveys would seem to suggest) then it would make sense to opt for the model that maximises student learning.A limitation of this study involves the methodological considerations pertaining to measurement issues, Sampling units, and the number of variables investigated in this study. Subsequently, this limits the generalizability of the findings reported. Hence, replications with more representative samples of respondents and extensions of measurement scales are planned for the future.

Further references may be taken from

Biggs, j (1999). Teaching for quality learning at university, oxford university press, oxford.

Carrier, d. (1990). Legislation as a stimulus to innovation. Higher education management, 2(1), 88-98.

Chapman, k. J., davis, r., toy, d. & wright, l. (2004). Academic integrity in the business school

Environment: i'll get by with a little help from my friends. Journal of marketing education, 26 (3),

236-250.

Herrington, j. & herrington, a. (1998). Authentic assessment and multimedia: how university students

Respond to a model of authentic assessment. Higher education research and development, 17(3),

305-322.

Kleiner, c. & lord, m. (1999). The cheating game. U.s. news & world report, 127 (20), 54-63.

Lam, w., williams, j. B., & chua, a. Y. K. (2007). E-xams: harnessing the power of icts to enhance

Authenticity. Educational technology & society, 10 (3), 209-221.

Http://www.ifets.info/journals/10_3/14.pdf [viewed 9 aug 2007].

Mcmurtry, k. (2001). E-cheating: combating a 21st century challenge, teaching and higher education

Journal, 29 (4), 36-41.

Sims, r. (2004). Trends, fads and futures: 21 years of educational multimedia: where have we got to, and

Where should we go? Proceedings of world conference on educational multimedia, hypermedia and

Telecommunications 2004 (pp. 3755-3766). Chesapeake, va: aace.

Wiggins, g. (1998). Educative assessment. San francisco: jossey bass.

Williams, j.b. (2004) creating authentic assessments: a method for the authoring of open book open web

Examinations. In r. Atkinson, c. Mcbeath, d. Jonas-dwyer & r. Phillips (eds), beyond the comfort

Zone: proceedings of the 21st ascilite conference, pp. 934-937.

Williams, j.b. (2006) the place of the closed book, invigilated final examination in a knowledge

Economy. Educational media international, 43(2), 107-119.

FIELD MEASUREMENT (SURVEYING)

Aryabhatta Knowledge University

  Sem. iv   2013                               Time 3hr                            Full marks: 70

FIELD MEASUREMENT (SURVEYING)                        

Attempt any five questions in which question no 1 is compulsory

1.       Choose the correct option of the following (any seven)

(a)    The main principal of surveying is to work

(i)                  From part to whole

(ii)                From whole to part

(iii)               From higher level to lower level

(iv)              From lower level to higher level

(b)   The angle of intersection of the two plane mirrors of an optical square is

(i)                  30°

(ii)                45°

(iii)               60°

(iv)              90°

(c)    The allowable length of an offset depends upon

(i)                  The degree of accuracy required

(ii)                The method of setting out the perpendiculars and nature of ground

(iii)               The scale of plotting

(iv)              all of the above

(d)   The correction for sag is

(i)                  always positive

(ii)                always subtractive

(iii)               always zero

(iv)              sometimes additive and sometimes subtractive

(e)   Which of the following statements is incorrect ?

(i)                  the true meridian at defend places are parallel to each other

(ii)                the true meridian at any place is not variable

(iii)               the true meridian converges to a point in northern and southern hemispheres

(iv)              the maps prepared by national survey departments of any country are based on true meridian

(f)     The most reliable method of plotting  a theodolite traverse is

(i)                  by consecutive coordinates of station

(ii)                by independent coordinates of each station

(iii)               by plotting included angles and scaling off each traverse leg

(iv)              by the tangent method of plotting

(g)    the prismatic compass and surveyor’s compass

(i)      give WCB (whole circle bearing ) of a line and QB (quadrantal bearing)of a line respectively

(ii)    both give QB of a line and WCB of a line

(iii)   both give QB of a line

(iv)  both give WCB of a line

(h)   Which of the following is not the function of levelling head?

(i)      To support the main part of the instrument

(ii)    To attach the theodolite to the tripod

(iii)   To provide a means for levelling the theodolite

(iv)  None of the above

(i)      The line normal to the plumb line is known as

(i)      Horizontal line

(ii)    Level line

(iii)   Datum line

(iv)  Vertical line

(j)     Which of the following is Lehmann’s rule of plane tabling?

(i)                  The location of the instrument station is always distant from each of the three rays from the known points in proportion to their distances

(ii)                When looking in the direction of each of the given points, the instrument station will be on the right side of one ray and on the left side of the other ray

(iii)               When the instrument station is outside the circumscribing circle ,its location is always on the opposite side of the ray to the most distant point as the intersection of the other two rays

(iv)              None of the above

2.       (a) work differentiate between plane surveying and geodetic surveying

(b) What do you understand by accuracy and precision?

(c)   A 30 m  chain was found to be 12 cm too long after chaining  a distance of 1750m .It     was   found to be 23cm too long at the end of day’s work after chaining a total distance of 3600m . Find the true distance if the chain was corrected before the commencement of the

3.       (a) What is offset ? What are the points to be considered while selecting offsets

(b) With neat sketches ,explain any two methods of chaining along a sloping ground

(c) In chaining a line ,what is the maximum slope (i)  in degrees and (ii) as 1 in n , which can be ignored if the error from the source does not exceed 1 in 1000 ?

4.       (a) Explain the following cases with neat sketches  :

(i)                  Obstacles to ranging but not chaining

(ii)                Obstacles to both chaining and ranging

(b) AB is a chain line crossing a lake , A and B are on the opposite side of a lake.  A line AC , 800m  long ,is ranged to the right of AB clear of the lake . Similarly, another line AD , 1000m long ,is ranged to the left of AB such that the points C , B and  D  are in the same line . the lengths of BC  and BD are 400m and 600 m respectively .if the chainage at A is 1200m,  calculate the chainage of B

5.       (a) What do you understand by  local attraction ? What are the methods for detecting and eliminating local attraction ?

(b) The  following bearings are observed in running a closed traverse:

Line	FB	BB
AB	71°05’	250°20’
BC	110°20’	292°35’
CD	161°35’	341°45’
DE	220°50’	40°05’
EA	300°50’	121°10’

Determine the correct magnetic bearing of the lines.

6.       (a) Explain how the procedure of reciprocal levelling eliminates the effect of atmospheric refraction and earth’s curvature as well as the effect of the line of collimation.

(b) From a running fly levels from a benchmark of RL 183.215 , the following readings were obtained :

BS	1.215	2.035	1.980	2.65
FS	0.965	3.830	0.980

From the last position of the instrument, five pegs at 20m intervals are to be set out on a uniform rising gradient of 1 in 40 ; the first peg is to have an RL of 181.580 .work out the staff readings  required for setting the tops of the pegs on the given gradient

7.       (a) What are temporary adjustments of the instrument ? Explain in brief. Why is it necessary?

(b) Explain how you would take field observations with a theodolite so as to eliminate the following:

(i) Error due to eccentricity of verniers

(ii) Error due to non adjustment of line of sight

(iii)               Error due to nonuniform graduation

(iv)              Index error of vertical circle

(v)                Error due to slip

8.       (a) Define the following

(i)                  Counter line

(ii)                Contour interval

(iii)               Horizontal equivalent

(b) What are the characteristic of contour lines?

(c) List the names of methods employed for solving three-point   problem .Describe any one in detail

9. Write short notes on any four of the following

(a)  Tape correction

(b) Optical square

(c) Diagonal scale

(d) Dumpy level

(e)  plane table surveying

DATABASE SYSTEMS

Aryabhatta Knowledge University

Sem. iv   2013                               Time 3hr                            Full marks: 70

DATABASE SYSTEMS

Attempt any five questions in which question no 1 is compulsory

1.       Choose the correct option (any seven) :

(a)    In SQL, SELECT is a

(i)                 DDL command

(ii)               DML command

(iii)             DCL command

(iv)              TCL command

(b)   Primary key never takes

(i)                 Date

(ii)               NULL

(iii)             Constant value

(iv)              NOT NULL

(c)    What is the maximum number of functional dependencies (trival and non-trivial) of a relation R of degree n?

(i)                 2n

(ii)               2²ⁿ

(iii)             n!

(iv)              2ⁿ

(d)   In SQL, UPDATE clause changes

(i)                 The value of attributes

(ii)               The name of columns

(iii)             The name of table

(iv)              None of the above

(e)   Second normal form never supports

(i)                 Transitivity relation

(ii)               Multivalued attribute

(iii)             Partial dependencies

(iv)              None of the above

(f)     From a relation ‘π’operator selects

(i)                 Row

(ii)               Attribute

(iii)             Domain of attribute

(iv)              Name of relation

(g)    What are the components of an ER model?

(i)     Entities

(ii)   Attributes

(iii) Relationships

(iv)  All of the above

(h)   What is the RDBMS terminology for column or field ?

(i)     Tuple

(ii)   Relation

(iii) Attribute

(iv)  Domain

 What is the name of the attribute or attribute combination of one relation whose values are required to  match those values are required to match those of the primary key of same other relation?

(i)     Primary key

(ii)   Candidate key

(iii) Attribute

(iv)  Domain

(i)     When all the columns in a table fully functionally depend upon the primary key, the table is said to satisfy the – normal form.

(i)                 First

(ii)               Second

(iii)             Third

(iv)              Fourth

2.       (a)  what are database  system ? what are the characteristic that distinguish  a DBMS from traditional file processing system?

(b) Explain the elements of a database with the help of a neat diagram.

3.       A university registrar office maintains data about the following entities:

·         Courses including number ,titles ,credits,syllabusand prerequisites

·         Courses _offering including course _no ,year ,semester , section_no ,instructor , timings and classroom

·         Students including student _id ,name and program

·         Instructor including identification_no ,name, department, and title

Further the enrolment of students in courses and grades awarded to students in each courses and grades awarded to students in each courses they are enrolled for must be modelled .construct an ER diagram for the diagram for the registrar ‘s office and document all assumptions that you make about the mapping constraints.

4.       Consider the databse below and express the queries in SQL:

Employee (person-name,street ,city)

Works (person-name ,company-name ,salary)

Company(company-name,city)

Manages(person-name ,manager-name)

(a)    Find the names of all employees in this database who live in the same city as the company for which they work.

(b)   Find the names of all employees who live in the same city and on the same street as do their managers.

(c)    Find the names of all employees who earn more than every employee of ‘Aije Bank Ltd.’

(d)   Find all companies located in every city in which ‘Rural  Bank (India)’is located.

(e)    Give the managers a 10 percent salary raise, whose salary is greater than 50,000 and for others, give only a 3 percent raise.

5.       (a) what is query tree ? when is it required ? construct a query and generate a query tree for that.

 (b) suppose a relation R with attributes A,B,C and D. For the set of FDs,C→D,C→A, B→C.Identify  the best normal form thatR satisfies

6.       (a) show with example that ‘not exits’ keyword can be used to implement division operaor in SQL.

(b) write a short note on integrity constraints.

7.       (a) discuss the ‘insertion anomalies’, ‘updation anomalies’ and  ‘deletion anomalieswith respect to normal forms with suitable example and suggest a method to overcome them.

(b) discuss the problem of spurious tuples and state how we may prevent it.

8.       (a)what do you mean by ACID properties of a transaction? Explain the usefulness of each with example.

(b) explain the distinction between serial schedule and serializable schedule.

(c) given a schedule S. Test for conflict and with serializability:

                               T1                          T2                        T3

                          Read(Q)

                                                        Write (Q)            read(Q)

                          Write (Q)      

                                                                                     Write (Q)

9.       Write short notes on:

(a)    Specialization and generalization

(b)   Ternary relationship and Aggregation

(c)    Mapping cardinalities

(d)   Derived attribute

ELECTRICAL MACHINE-1

Aryabhatta Knowledge University

Sem. iv   2013                               Time 3hr                            Full marks: 70

ELECTRICAL MACHINE-1                 

Attempt any five questions in which question no 1 is compulsory

1.       Choose the correct option (any seven) :

(a)    Three –phase alternators are invariably connected in star so as to

(i)                  Reduce the size of stator conductors used

(ii)                Increase the terminal voltage

(iii)               Reduce magnetic losses

(iv)              All of the above

(b)   The phase sequence of a three-phase alternator will reverse ,if

(i)                  The field current is reversed keeping the direction of rotation same

(ii)                The field current remains the same but direction of rotation is reversed

(iii)               The field current is reversed and the number of poles is doubled

(iv)              The number of poles is doubled without reversing the fields current

(c)    The regulation of an alternator of an alternator is given as

(i)                  100(V-E˳)/V

(ii)                100(E˳-V)/V

(iii)               100V/E˳

(iv)              100(E-V)/E˳

(d)   In the measurement of X_d ,X_q (in ohms), following data are obtained by the slip test on salient pole machine:

I_d max=10A       ,     I_d min=6.5A      ,V_d max=30 V   ,V_d min=25 V

Which one of the following is correct?

(i)                  X_d=3Ω      ,        X_q =3.86Ω

(ii)                X_d=4.165Ω ,     X_q=2.5Ω

(iii)               X_d=3  Ω   ,         X_q=2.5Ω

(iv)              X_q=4.16Ω   ,     X_q=3.86Ω

(e)   In which of the following is reluctance power is developed?

(i)                  Salient pole alternator

(ii)                Non salient pole alternator

(iii)               Squirrel cage induction motor

(iv)              Transformer

(f)     Which motor can conveniently operate at lagging as well as leading power factor?

(i)                  Squirrel-cage induction motor

(ii)                Wound-rotor induction motor

(iii)               Synchronous motor

(iv)              Dc shunt motor

(g)    An inverted V curve of synchronous motor shows the variation of

(i)      Power factor and DC excitation at constant load

(ii)    Supply voltage and field current at constant excitation

(iii)   Power factor and supply voltage during hunting supply voltage and excitation current at constant load

(h)   A single-phase induction motor is running at N r.p.m. Its synchronous speed is N_s .if its slip with respect to speed is s, what is the slip with respect to the backward field?

(i)      S

(ii)    –s

(iii)   (1-s)

(iv)  (2-s)

(i)      The torque-speed characteristic of two- phase induction motor is largely affected by

(i)      Voltage

(ii)    Speed

(iii)   X/R ratio

(iv)  Supply frequency

(j)     In a.c. series motors, armature coils are usually connected to commutator

(i)                  Through resistor

(ii)                Through inductors

(iii)               through capacitors

(iv)              solidly

2.       (a) draw the following phasor diagram of a 3 phase synchronous machine:

(i)                  Type: non salient pole , mode generator , pf-lagging

(ii)                Type : salient pole ,mode motor ,pf –leading

(iii)               Type : non –salient pole, mode motor ,pf- leading

(b)    a 3 phase ,10 kVA ,400 V ,star connected alternator supplies the rated load at 0.8 p-f  lagging. If the armature resistance is 0.5 ohm and synchronous reactance is 10 ohms , find the torque angle and voltage regulation.

3.       (a) from the phasor diagram of a salient –pole alternator working at a leading pf , but with pf angle θ less than load angle δ ,obtain the following relation:

(i)                  Tan(δ-θ)=  [i_a X_q –V_t sinθ]/[V_tcosθ+I_a r_a ]

(ii)                E_f =V_t cosδ+I_a r_a cos(δ-θ)+I_d X_d  

(b)   Find excitation voltage of an alternator when delivering rated output at 0.8 pf lagging and at a rated voltage. For this alternator, X_d =1discuss the effects.25p.u. and X_q=1.00 p.u.

4.       Show that for alternators running in parallel ,the division load between them is governed mainly by the speed- load characteristics of their prime movers

5.       (a) discus the effects of field current on synchronous motor  power factor with the help of            

phasor diagram.

(b) prove that power develop in three-phase synchronous motor  is given by

P=3[E_fV_t sinδ/X_d +(1/2)V_t² (1/X_q-1/X_d)sin2δ]

6.       (a) Derive the equivalent circuit of a single-phase  induction motor with the help of double revolving field theory .

(b) A –pole ,50 Hz ,ingle –phase induction motor ,when running at normal speed, has forward field and backward field resistance of 60 ohms and 1.4 ohms respectively . The stator current at a full -load slip of 5% is 3A. Determine the full load torque in N-m.

[Assume rotational losses to be 4 % of the internal power developed]

7.       A 2-phase ,4-pole servomotor has the following parameters at 50Hz :

R₁=360 ohms, r₂=250 ohms, x₁=x₂ =50 ohms, x_m=900 ohms

This motor is operated with 115 V across the control winding and 75 V across the control winding, the latter leading the former by 90°.

Calculate the stator currents ,output power and motor torque at a slip of 0.5 .the rotational losses under condition given above are 0.7 watt .both the windings have equal no of turns.

8.       (a) Give the constructional features, working and application of single –phase reluctance motors.

(b) Describe the working of single sub –synchronous motor. Why should its rotor posses considerable flywheel effect?

9.       Write short notes on any two of the following :

(a)    Permanent magnet Dc motor

(b)   Hysteresis motor

(c)    Starting of synchronous motor

(d)   Two- reaction theory in salient pole synchronous generator